NITED NATIONS,
Sept. 28 ・The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted an
American- sponsored resolution this evening that would oblige all
189 member states to crack down on the financing, training and
movement of terrorists, and to cooperate in any campaign against
them, including one that involves the use of force.
The resolution was passed on the day after it was introduced,
demonstrating the new spirit of cooperation against terror in the
United Nations. The United States introduced the measure Thursday
evening in an effort to harness the support it has been receiving
from around the world since the Sept. 11 attacks on the World Trade
Center and the Pentagon, and to secure the broadest possible
international cooperation for its campaign against terrorism.
Washington had sought approval of the resolution by Monday, when the
General Assembly is to open a debate on terrorism.
"This is an unprecedented resolution on terrorism in the work of
the United Nations," said John D. Negroponte, the United States
ambassador. "It obliges all member states to deny financing, support
and safe haven to terrorists. It will also expand
information-sharing among United Nations members to combat
terrorism, and there will be a Security Council mechanism to monitor
implementation on a continuous basis.
"We are very encouraged," he added, "by the Security Council's
strong support and rapid, unanimous action."
The resolution draws on various commitments that have already
been made in treaties and resolutions, but puts them in a form
immediately binding on all member states by invoking Chapter 7 of
the United Nations Charter, which gives the Security Council
authority to take action up to and including force, and obliges all
United Nations members to cooperate.
The resolution was adopted with unusual speed. Diplomats said all
members agreed on the resolution virtually from the outset, and the
only discussion was about legal technicalities. The agreement, the
diplomats said, reflected the broad support that had arisen in the
United Nations and around the world for a crackdown on
terrorism.
Though strong in its language, diplomats noted that the
resolution still had gray areas, most notable among them the lack of
a definition of who is a terrorist. The diplomats also said many of
the resolution's requirements would require changes in national
legal codes, such as those dealing with border controls or policies
on asylum. Those issues are likely to be debated in coming
months.
Several governments have expressed reluctance to plunge into the
battle against terrorism solely on Washington's request and have
said they would prefer that any action be sanctioned by the United
Nations, an organization long disdained by conservative Republicans
and sometimes by the Bush administration.
A perceived neglect of the United Nations has long been
criticized around the world and, under the Bush administration, has
been seen as part of a drift toward unilateralism. But in the wake
of the Sept. 11 attack, the United States accelerated the payment of
part of its arrears to the United Nations, and the administration
appears to have taken a revised view of its importance.
Washington's decision to introduce the resolution was apparently
also encouraged by the broad support Americans have received at the
United Nations since the attacks. Both the Council and the General
Assembly quickly adopted resolutions condemning the attacks and
endorsing an American response.
"We support it," the Russian ambassador, Sergey V. Lavrov, said
of the new resolution. "We are ready now, immediately."
Diplomats said that the use of Chapter 7 had not been challenged
in the discussions today, and that Council members had also agreed
on the basic premises of the resolution. These called on all states
to take the following steps:
カ"Prevent and suppress the financing of terrorists."
カ"Freeze without delay" the resources of terrorists and terror
organizations, though none were specifically cited.
カProhibit anyone from making funds available to terrorist
organizations.
カSuppress the recruitment of new members by terror organizations
and eliminate their weapon supplies.
カ"Deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support or commit
terrorist acts, or provide save havens."
カ"Afford one another the greatest measure of assistance" in
criminal investigations involving terrorism.
カ"Prevent the movement of terrorists or terrorist groups by
effective border controls" and control over travel documents.
The resolution, which could clearly be interpreted to open the
way for the use of force against the radical Islamic Taliban
government of Afghanistan if it failed to "deny safe haven" to
terrorist groups, called on all the states to report within 90 days
on how they were complying.
The Security Council today also lifted five-year-old sanctions
against Sudan, with the United States abstaining in a 14-to-0
vote.
Even if not directly related to the American efforts to garner
broad international support for a campaign against terrorism, the
lifting of sanctions was certain to send the signal that supporting
the United States at this time could bring tangible fruits. The
United States has already changed its language about the conflict in
Chechnya in response to Russian help in tackling terrorism.
The sanctions were imposed in 1996 to compel the Sudanese
government to hand over gunmen who tried to assassinate the Egyptian
president, Hosni Mubarak, in 1995 in Ethiopia. The sanctions were
largely symbolic and never seriously enforced, and both Egypt and
Ethiopia urged lifting them.
The United States also has its own sanctions on Sudan, imposed by
President Clinton in 1996, which remain in force.
But Sudan has energetically supported the United States since
Sept. 11. Sudanese officials have said that they have met every
American request for assistance.
The prime suspect in the attacks on the World Trade Center and
the Pentagon, Osama bin Laden, was reported to have lived in
Khartoum from 1991 to 1996. Under pressure from the United States
and Saudi Arabia, Sudan expelled him, and he settled in Afghanistan,
where the Taliban provided him a haven.
The General Assembly today greeted an unusual visitor. Mayor
Rudolph W. Giuliani was invited to address the Assembly before it
opened its debate, the first mayor of New York to do so since
1952.