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September 29, 2001

RESOLUTION

U.N. to Require Members to Act Against Terror

By SERGE SCHMEMANN

The Associated Press
With the United States abstaining, the United Nations Security Council voted 14 to 0 to lift sanctions against Sudan. The Council also prepared to adopt a resolution requiring all member states to move against terrorists.

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UNITED NATIONS, Sept. 28 ・The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted an American- sponsored resolution this evening that would oblige all 189 member states to crack down on the financing, training and movement of terrorists, and to cooperate in any campaign against them, including one that involves the use of force.

The resolution was passed on the day after it was introduced, demonstrating the new spirit of cooperation against terror in the United Nations. The United States introduced the measure Thursday evening in an effort to harness the support it has been receiving from around the world since the Sept. 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, and to secure the broadest possible international cooperation for its campaign against terrorism. Washington had sought approval of the resolution by Monday, when the General Assembly is to open a debate on terrorism.

"This is an unprecedented resolution on terrorism in the work of the United Nations," said John D. Negroponte, the United States ambassador. "It obliges all member states to deny financing, support and safe haven to terrorists. It will also expand information-sharing among United Nations members to combat terrorism, and there will be a Security Council mechanism to monitor implementation on a continuous basis.

"We are very encouraged," he added, "by the Security Council's strong support and rapid, unanimous action."

The resolution draws on various commitments that have already been made in treaties and resolutions, but puts them in a form immediately binding on all member states by invoking Chapter 7 of the United Nations Charter, which gives the Security Council authority to take action up to and including force, and obliges all United Nations members to cooperate.

The resolution was adopted with unusual speed. Diplomats said all members agreed on the resolution virtually from the outset, and the only discussion was about legal technicalities. The agreement, the diplomats said, reflected the broad support that had arisen in the United Nations and around the world for a crackdown on terrorism.

Though strong in its language, diplomats noted that the resolution still had gray areas, most notable among them the lack of a definition of who is a terrorist. The diplomats also said many of the resolution's requirements would require changes in national legal codes, such as those dealing with border controls or policies on asylum. Those issues are likely to be debated in coming months.

Several governments have expressed reluctance to plunge into the battle against terrorism solely on Washington's request and have said they would prefer that any action be sanctioned by the United Nations, an organization long disdained by conservative Republicans and sometimes by the Bush administration.

A perceived neglect of the United Nations has long been criticized around the world and, under the Bush administration, has been seen as part of a drift toward unilateralism. But in the wake of the Sept. 11 attack, the United States accelerated the payment of part of its arrears to the United Nations, and the administration appears to have taken a revised view of its importance.

Washington's decision to introduce the resolution was apparently also encouraged by the broad support Americans have received at the United Nations since the attacks. Both the Council and the General Assembly quickly adopted resolutions condemning the attacks and endorsing an American response.

"We support it," the Russian ambassador, Sergey V. Lavrov, said of the new resolution. "We are ready now, immediately."

Diplomats said that the use of Chapter 7 had not been challenged in the discussions today, and that Council members had also agreed on the basic premises of the resolution. These called on all states to take the following steps:

カ"Prevent and suppress the financing of terrorists."

カ"Freeze without delay" the resources of terrorists and terror organizations, though none were specifically cited.

カProhibit anyone from making funds available to terrorist organizations.

カSuppress the recruitment of new members by terror organizations and eliminate their weapon supplies.

カ"Deny safe haven to those who finance, plan, support or commit terrorist acts, or provide save havens."

カ"Afford one another the greatest measure of assistance" in criminal investigations involving terrorism.

カ"Prevent the movement of terrorists or terrorist groups by effective border controls" and control over travel documents.

The resolution, which could clearly be interpreted to open the way for the use of force against the radical Islamic Taliban government of Afghanistan if it failed to "deny safe haven" to terrorist groups, called on all the states to report within 90 days on how they were complying.

The Security Council today also lifted five-year-old sanctions against Sudan, with the United States abstaining in a 14-to-0 vote.

Even if not directly related to the American efforts to garner broad international support for a campaign against terrorism, the lifting of sanctions was certain to send the signal that supporting the United States at this time could bring tangible fruits. The United States has already changed its language about the conflict in Chechnya in response to Russian help in tackling terrorism.

The sanctions were imposed in 1996 to compel the Sudanese government to hand over gunmen who tried to assassinate the Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, in 1995 in Ethiopia. The sanctions were largely symbolic and never seriously enforced, and both Egypt and Ethiopia urged lifting them.

The United States also has its own sanctions on Sudan, imposed by President Clinton in 1996, which remain in force.

But Sudan has energetically supported the United States since Sept. 11. Sudanese officials have said that they have met every American request for assistance.

The prime suspect in the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Osama bin Laden, was reported to have lived in Khartoum from 1991 to 1996. Under pressure from the United States and Saudi Arabia, Sudan expelled him, and he settled in Afghanistan, where the Taliban provided him a haven.

The General Assembly today greeted an unusual visitor. Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani was invited to address the Assembly before it opened its debate, the first mayor of New York to do so since 1952.



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